Twayne was founded in January 1949 in New York City with the intention of
publishing translations of Chinese classics for the trade. The intended
name Twain, inspired by Rudyard Kipling's poetic phrase "East is East
and West is West and never the twain shall meet" indicated a commitment
to the idea that Eastern and Western literature could meet. The variant
spelling Twayne was chosen in deference to Mark Twain's heirs, who objected
to what they believed was a commercial use of his name. In addition to Asian
works, Scandinavian and Central European translations were published, as
well as contemporary American poetry.
In the three decades since the flagship Authors Series was begun (in
the late 1950s), Twayne Publishers has added series in the arts, history,
and the social sciences, becoming a leader in library refererence for
students and scholars of the liberal arts.